Learning Continuity during COVID-19 Pandemic using the Virtual Classroom – A Cross-border experimental Multi Case Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.1.335.345Słowa kluczowe:
Virtual Classroom, e-Learning, Blended Learning, Design Thinking, Learning GainAbstrakt
Aim. The global pandemic of the COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent nationwide lockdown have put the endeavours of both academicians and students to the test. The disruptions are even visible in andragogical approaches across higher education institutions both nationally and internationally. Two government-funded universities in India and Bangladesh have decided to explore avenues to switch to an alternative e-platform overcoming the challenges of traditional classroom teaching. The business management faculties of both universities exercise blended learning modules using a design thinking approach.
Methods. This exploratory case study involves university students and teachers reflecting the knowledge delivery mechanism in a collaborative online workspace called Virtual Classroom. The authors have adopted the case method to identify evidence-based practices to improve learning gain. This case is motivated by the profound idea of learning continuity where the agenda of teaching-learning should remain status quo as much as possible, even under the constrained situation.
Results and Conclusion. This study confirms that the use of curriculum-based blended learning modules based on a design thinking approach is gaining momentum to offer courses in which videoconferencing is a useful tool, as an addition to present methods of teaching inside the classroom, to strengthen learning and to inspire students to practice learning. Acceptance of technology has made learning accessible and pervasive, bridging the digital divide.
Originality. It is a pioneering effort to measure the effectiveness of the online learning of two public-funded universities across borders with similar demographics and challenges. This case makes an original contribution through its observation that even the traditional and public-funded universities erstwhile functioning through purely offline mode are gradually switching to online mode. This case also highlights the imminent need for policymakers to augment and integrate blended learning tools with design thinking approaches for tertiary education to reduce the intermittent use of technology, thereby assuring higher learning gain for the students.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Bibliografia
Allen, E., & Seaman, J. (2014). Grade change: Tracking online education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group.1-45. Retrieved from http://sloanconsortium.org/publications/survey/grade-change-2013
Barber, M., Donnelly, K., Rizvi, S., &Summers, L. (2013). An avalanche is coming: Higher education and the revolution ahead. Institute for Public Policy Research, London, UK. Retrieved from: http://www.ippr.org/publication/55/10432/anavalanche-iscoming-higher-education-and-the-revolution-ahead
Bates, A. (2005). Technology, e-learning, and distance education. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Bower, M. (2006). Virtual classroom pedagogy.ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 38(1), 148–152.https://doi.org/10.1145/1124706.1121390
Cross, N. (2006). Designerly Ways of Knowing. London: Springer-Verlag London.
Dey, A. K. (2007).A Lean approach to Improve Course Curriculum of MBA.Business Perspective, 9(2), 109–128.
Dong, A. (2015). Design 3 innovation: Perspective or evidence-based practices. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 3(3–4), 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650349.2014.943294
Dorst, K. (2011). The core of “design thinking” and its application.Design Studies, 32(6), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2011.07.006
Dreamson, N. (2017). Online Collaboration in Design Education: an Experiment in Real-Time Manipulation of Prototypes and Communication. International Journal of Art and Design Education, 36(2), 188–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12079
Educational Benefits of Online Learning.(n.d.). Retrieved from https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/teachingLibrary/Technology/online%20%20learning.pdf
Edwards, F. R. (2018). the Relationship Between College Student Attitudes Towards Online Learning Based on Reading Self-Efficacy, Ethnicity, and Age. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2788&context=doctoral
Gaikwad, A., &Randhir, V. S. (2016). E-Learning in India: Wheel of Change. International Journal of E-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, 6(1), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2016.6.1.40-45
Gillies, D. (2008).Student perspectives on videoconferencing in teacher education at a distance.Distance Education, 29(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910802004878
IDEO. (2013, April). Design Thinking for Educators. Retrieved from Design Thinking for Educators: https://designthinkingforeducators.com/
Jonassen, D., & Reeves, T. (1996). Learning with technology: Using computers as cognitive tools. In D. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (pp. 694–719). New York: Macmillan.
Kop, R., & Hill, A. (2008).Connectivism: Learning theory of the future or vestige of the past? International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v9i3.523
Kort, B., & Reilly, R. (1950).Evolving Educational Pedagogy in Developing Nations.Media, 1–8.
Kruger-Ross, M. J., & Waters, R. D. (2013). Predicting online learning success: Applying the situational theory of publics to the virtual classroom. Computers and Education, 61(1), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.09.015
Lawson, T., & Comber, C. (2005).DfES Effective video conferencing in the classroom Summary report from six case studies.April 2005. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/1611/
Lone, Z. (2017).Impact of online education in India. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 7(7), 13590-13592.
Luecke, R. (2003). Harvard business essentials: managing creativity and innovation. Harvard Business Press.
Martin, F., & Parker, M. (2014). Use of Synchronous Virtual Classrooms: Why, Who, and How? Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 10(2), 192.
Mascolo, M. (2009). Beyond Student-Centered and Teacher-Centered Pedagogy: Teaching and Learning as Guided Participation. Pedagogy and the Human Sciences, 1(1), 3–27.
Matthews, J., & Wrigley, C. (2017).Design and Design Thinking in Business and Management Higher Education.Journal of Learning Design, 10(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.5204/jld.v9i3.294
Moore, M. G. (2016). Editorial : Three types of interaction Editorial : Three Types of Interaction. 3647(October).https://doi.org/10.1080/08923648909526659
Mostofa, S. M., Othman, R., Mukherjee, D., & Hasan, K. K. (n.d.).-RxuqdoRi (Gxfdwlrq&XowxuhDqg 6Rflhw 1R B 281. 281–295.
Mukherjee, D. (2012a). Role of Communication Medium in Web Based Instructional Environment in Indian Management Education. Indian Journal of Open Learning, 21(1), 41-59.
Mukherjee, D. (2012b). Blended Learning Model for Management Education in India – A Critical Review, 3D- IBA Journal of Management & Leadership, Vol.3.2, 88-93.
Mukherjee, D. (2014). Factors of Management Education in India as Perceived by Learners and Providers: An Empirical Study. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 18(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262914527872
Mukherjee, D. (2020). Indian Observer Post. Use of Digital Infrastructure Will Liberate Learning from the Boundaries of Classrooms. Retrieved from https:// indianobserverpost.com/News-Detail.aspx?Article=816
Mukherjee, D., & Hasan, K. K. (2020). Challenges in Learning Continuity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Methodological and Thematic Review. South Asian Journal of Management, 27(3).56-78.
Nunley, K. F. (2012). Have Schools Become Historical Museums? In: R. Sylwester, R & D. Moursund (Eds.), Creating an appropriate 21st century education (pp. 22-26). First Edition August 2012, Eugene, Oregon, USA: Information Age Education.
Parker, M. A., & Martin, F. (2010). Synchronous virtual classrooms: Student perceptions from an online and blended education course. 2010 International Conference on Technology for Education, T4E 2010, 6(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1109/T4E.2010.5550054
Parkinson, M. (2018). 16 Strategies for Presenting Virtually. Retrieved from https://www.td.org/magazines/td-magazine/16-strategies-for-presenting-virtually
Peytcheva-Forsyth, R., Yovkova, B., &Aleksieva, L. (2018).Factors affecting students’ attitudes towards online learning - The case of Sofia University.AIP Conference Proceedings, 2048(December).https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082043
Razzouk, R., & Shute, V. (2012). What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important ? Author ( s ): Rim Razzouk and Valerie Shute Source : Review of Educational Research , Vol . 82 , No . 3 ( September 2012 ), pp . 330-348 Published by : American Educational Research Association Stable URL. Review of Educational Research, 82(3), 330–348.
Rosenberg, M. J. (2005). Beyond e-learning: Approaches and technologies to enhance organizational knowledge, learning, and performance. John Wiley & Sons.
Roussos, M., Johnson, A. E., Leigh, J., Vasilakis, C. A., Barnes, C. R., & Moher, T. G. (1997). NICE: Combining constructionism, narrative and collaboration in a virtual learning environment. ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, 31(3), 62-63. https://doi.org/10.1145/262171.262264
Settles, B. (2012).Active learning. Synthesis lectures on artificial intelligence and machine learning, 6(1), 1-114.
Shea, P., &Bidjerano, T. (2009).Community of inquiry as a theoretical framework to foster “epistemic engagement” and “cognitive presence” in online education.Computers and Education, 52(3), 543–553.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.10.007
Songkram, N. (2015). E-learning System in Virtual Learning Environment to Develop Creative Thinking for Learners in Higher Education.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 674–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.600
Suh, H. (2011). Collaborative Learning Models and Support Technologies in the Future Classroom.International Journal for Educational Media and Technology, 5(1), 50–61. http://jaems.jp/contents/icomej/vol5/IJEMT5.50-61.pdf
Wedig, T. (2010).Getting the most from classroom simulations: Strategies for maximizing learning outcomes.PS - Political Science and Politics, 43(3), 547–555. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104909651000079X
Wrigley, C., &Straker, K. (2017). Design Thinking pedagogy: the Educational Design Ladder. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 54(4), 374–385.https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2015.1108214
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2021 Khandakar Kamrul Hasan, Debarshi Mukherjee, Mahasweta Saha
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
CC-BY
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. All authors agree for publishing their email adresses, affiliations and short bio statements with their articles during the submission process.